The city in developing countries has been transformed under economic globalization (hereinafter \u2018globalization\u2019).<\/p>\n
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On the one hand, its transformation has been interpreted in the context and image of the over-urbanized city; on the other hand, it has been interpreted in the context and image of the Western global city.<\/p>\n
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This article aims to criticize these interpretations, to supplement them, and to propose an alternative framework for understanding the transformation of the city in developing countries.<\/p>\n
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This article will call this framework the new labor, new poverty, and urban bottom hypothesis.<\/p>\n
It is composed of four propositions. First, the global city has emerged in developing countries under globalization. Second, the working conditions in the formal sector have been informalized.<\/p>\n
Third, the informalization of labor has given forth the new labor and laborer, and as a consequence the latter has created the new poverty and poor.<\/p>\n
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Fourth, the new laborer and the new poor constitute the urban bottom (people).<\/p>\n
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This article will consider the four propositions, propose a new conceptual framework, and assert the realistic compatibility of the new labor, new poverty, and urban bottom hypothesis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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